Networking Tools and DNS | (Networking Basics Concepts)

 Networking at a Glance

1. What is Networking..?

• A networking is a simply, two or more computers linked with each other to share data and information
• Secure data connection can be established by securing and managing all the data connection from Hardware and Software to Protocols and Encryptions

2. Types of Networks :-

•    There are basically two basics types of Networks :-
• LAN (Local Area Network)
• WAN ( Wide Area Network)

LAN :-  A LAN is a Network typically spanning a single floor or building. This is commonly limited to geographical area. 

• WAN:-  WAN is a Network usually assigned to Long distance connections between, Geographical remote networks.

Network Devices :-

1. HUB :-  Hubs are basically used to connect multiple devices in a network.

 -> They are highly used in Large business and corporate                             areas like MNCs.

 -> These are wired devices and are not as smart as 

 routers and switches.

                                    

2. Switch :-   Switches are also known as intelligent Hub.

                            -> These are wired devices that know the address of the devices                                         connected to them.

                            -> Switched are smarter than HUB, but not as much as Routers.

                            -> Switches can also create separate broadcast domains when                                     used to create VLAN (Virtual Local Area Networks). 

3. Routers :-  Routers are used to  control traffic flow on Networks.

                           -> It can be both wired and wireless.

                           -> It can Establish Multiple connection. 

                           ->  These are more smarter than switches and hubs. 

4. Fire Wall :-  Firewall are essential for managing and controlling network traffic                         and protecting the network.

                       -> A firewall is a network device used to filter traffic, typically                                       deployed between the private networks and the network.

                       -> Firewall filters traffic based a defined set of rules called filter or                               Access Control Unit (ACL).

 

     

 

 

5. Servers :-   

Servers are computer systems or software applications that provide various services, resources, or functionalities to other computers, known as clients, within a network. They play a crucial role in facilitating communication, managing resources, and delivering specific services. Here are some key aspects of servers:

1. **Hardware Servers:**

 
   - These are physical machines designed to handle specific tasks or services.
   - Examples include web servers, file servers, database servers, mail servers, and more.
   - Server hardware is often optimized for reliability, performance, and continuous operation.

2. **Software Servers:**

 
   - In addition to physical hardware, the term "server" can also refer to software applications or processes that provide specific services.
   - For example, a web server software like Apache or Nginx handles requests for web pages.

3. **Client-Server Model:**

 
   - In networking, the client-server model is a common architecture where clients request services or resources from servers.
   - Servers wait for incoming requests, process them, and then send back the requested information or perform the requested action.

4. **Functions of Servers:**

 
   - **Web Servers:** Serve web pages and handle HTTP requests (e.g., Apache, Nginx).
   - **File Servers:** Manage and distribute files within a network (e.g., FTP servers).
   - **Database Servers:** Store, manage, and retrieve data from databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL).
   - **Mail Servers:** Handle email communication and manage mailboxes (e.g., Microsoft Exchange, Postfix).
   - **Application Servers:** Run and execute specific applications or services (e.g., Java application servers).

5. **Server Operating Systems:**

 
   - Servers typically run specialized operating systems optimized for server tasks, such as Windows Server, Linux distributions (e.g., Ubuntu Server, CentOS), or Unix-based systems.

6. **Client Devices:**

 
   - Clients, which can be personal computers, smartphones, or other devices, connect to servers to access resources, services, or data.

7. **Cloud Servers:**

 
   - With the advent of cloud computing, virtual servers hosted in data centers (cloud servers) have become popular. Users can rent and scale server resources based on their needs.

8. **Server Farms and Data Centers:**

 
   - Large-scale operations often involve multiple servers grouped together in server farms or data centers to provide high availability, redundancy, and scalability.